Insights from the CHEMTREC International Hazmat Summit 2024: Lithium Battery Panel Recap

At the recent CHEMTREC Summit, experts from various sectors convened to discuss the pressing issues surrounding lithium battery emergency response, transport, and storage. The panel, moderated by Hazmat Safety Consulting, featured distinguished speakers including John Redman from General Motors (formerly Toyota), Mike Pagel from Hazmat Safety Consulting, Allison Norris from Lockheed Martin, and Kevin Leary from the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Their insights illuminated the latest developments and regulatory challenges in the field.

Key Takeaways from the Panel

The panelists shared their expertise on a range of topics, from new fire code standards to lithium battery transport challenges. Here are some of the key questions raised during the discussion, along with the experts’ responses:

1. What technologies or techniques are being developed to perform the thermal runaway test safely and avoid environmental harm?

 New advancements in thermal management and containment systems are being explored to safely conduct thermal runaway tests. These include use of robust test chambers with pressure relief vents, enhanced fume hoods, and technology to track gas emissions and battery temperature. Additionally, simulation tools are being developed to predict thermal events and design batteries that minimize such risks.

2. How does the testing criteria account for variability in the manufacturing process and unknown defects?

The testing criteria are continually being updated to incorporate statistical sampling and stress testing, which account for manufacturing variances and potential defects. This approach increases the likelihood that a representative sample of batteries undergo rigorous testing to identify any weaknesses.

3. Are there scenarios where batteries stored incident to transportation avoid fire code requirements?

When batteries are stored as part of the transportation process, they remain subject to U.S. DOT regulations. While the fire codes have certain targeted exceptions for “temporary” storage, these batteries may exceed a Fire Code Official’s definition of temporary. If so, they would likely be subject to applicable fire code standards. 

5. Is PHMSA present for testing packages submitted for special permits to ship DDR batteries? What evidence is required?

PHMSA may not always be physically present for every test but requires comprehensive documentation and physical evidence, including test reports, videos, and detailed descriptions of testing procedures to ensure the efficacy of the test. 

6. Are there international considerations for DDR packaging similar to the DOT Special Permits for domestic shipments?

While international regulations often mirror DOT standards, the packaging requirements for damaged, defective, or recalled batteries are more stringent in the United States as compared to other countries. It is essential to verify specific country requirements and ensure all packaging meets international safety criteria for hazardous materials.

7. What suggestions do you have for responding to EVs during floods or hurricanes?

During floods or hurricanes, responders should prioritize isolating the EV and avoiding direct contact with water. Specialized equipment and training are essential for safely handling submerged or water-damaged EVs to prevent electrical hazards and fires.

8. Are there discussions around protecting batteries from flooding or other severe weather events?

Yes, regulatory bodies and industry leaders are exploring protective measures such as waterproof casings, elevated storage facilities, and enhanced drainage systems to safeguard batteries from severe weather impacts.

9. What technologies exist to combat fires like an EV bus fire on a vessel?

Current technologies include water mist systems, foam agents, and fire suppression blankets designed to quickly cool and isolate the fire, preventing it from spreading. Rapid response protocols and equipment are crucial for effectively managing such scenarios.

11. What resources are available for customers with lithium-ion batteries for disposal or recycling?

Numerous resources, including manufacturer take-back programs, certified recycling facilities, and government-sponsored collection sites, are available to assist customers in safely disposing of or recycling lithium-ion batteries.

12. What are your thoughts on domestic Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) carrier storage requirements for short-term storage?

Short-term storage of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) packaged items versus Damaged, Defective, or Recalled (DDR) items requires clear labeling, proper segregation, and adherence to safety protocols to mitigate risks during temporary storage periods.

13. What is the greatest airborne chemical exposure hazard during a large thermal runaway event?

Toxic gases, including hydrogen fluoride and other volatile organic compounds, pose significant airborne chemical exposure hazards. Proper ventilation and protective equipment are critical for safeguarding responders and the public.

14. For a Cargo Transport Unit (CTU) containing lithium-ion batteries, is a water lance or HydroPen effective to control thermal runaway?

These tools can be effective in controlling thermal runaway by providing targeted cooling. However, their use requires careful consideration of the specific configuration and type of batteries involved to increase safety.

The panel's insights provided valuable guidance on navigating the complex landscape of lithium battery safety and regulation. As we move forward, continued collaboration and innovation will be essential in addressing the challenges and maximizing the benefits of lithium battery technology.

Thank you to all our panelists and attendees for making this discussion a success. We look forward to future engagements and advancements in this critical field. 

To learn more about CHEMTREC’s Battery Compliance services visit https://www.chemtrec.com/our-services/battery-compliance.